DW109 D, Ext. 6640, M 2:00 – 3:00 PM,
W 8:00 – 10:00 AM, 2:00 – 3:00 PM,
F 8:00 – 10:00 AM, or by appointment
e-mail: bertozzi@dwc.edu.
FALL 2004
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Energy, heat, and work are defined and used in the First Law of Thermodynamics. Other thermodynamic properties and equations of state are introduced with emphasis on tabular and graphical forms for simple compressible systems and on the ideal gas. Phases and phase transitions are discussed and energy analysis of both open and closed systems is examined. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the property entropy are introduced, and their macro and microscopic implications discussed. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of irreversibility and the limitation this places on the behavior of engineering systems. Also covered are transient flow analysis and vapor power cycles.
COURSE OBJECTIVE
To give the student a working knowledge of thermodynamic concepts and the problem solving ability to set up and apply the appropriate laws in the thermodynamic analysis of engineering systems.
TEXTBOOK
THERMODYNAMICS, 6th edition, Kenneth Wark/Donald Richards, published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-068305-0
COURSE OUTLINE
| Week of: |
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Introduction to the Laws of Thermodynamics, Definition of Various Terms and Properties, Dimensions and Units, Temperature and the Zeroth Law, Ideal-Gas Equation of State |
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The Concept of Work and the Adiabatic Process, The First Law of Thermodynamics, The Nature of E, the Total Energy, Conservation of Energy Principle for Closed Systems, Quasistatic Processes, Quasistatic Expansion and Compression Work, Nonquasistatic Forms of Work |
| 13 |
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The State Postulate, Simple Systems, The Conservation of Energy Principle for Simple, Compressible Closed Systems, Specific Heats, The PvT Surface, The Pressure-Temperature Diagram, The Pressure-Volume Diagram |
|
20 |
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Tables of Properties of Pure Substances, Tabular Data and Closed-System Energy Analysis |
|
27 |
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Specific Heats, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heat Relations for Ideal Gases, Specific Heat Variation with Temperature, Energy Analysis of Closed Ideal-Gas Systems |
| Oct. 4 |
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Closed-System Energy Analysis Continued, The Compressibility Factor and Corresponding States, Property Relations for Incompressible Substances, Idealizations for Steady-State Control-Volume Analysis, Conservation of Mass Principle for a Control Volume |
|
11 |
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Conservation of Energy Principle for a Control Volume in Steady State |
| 18 |
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Special Conservation Equations, Engineering Applications Involving Steady-State Systems |
|
25 |
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Introduction to the Second Law, Equilibrium, Heat Engines, Perpetual-Motion Machines, Reversible and Irreversible Processes, Heat and Work Reservoirs, Thermal Efficiency of Reversible and Irreversible Engines, The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale, The Carnot Efficiency, The Clausius Inequality |
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Nov. 1 |
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Entropy, Increase in Entropy Principle, The Entropy Change of Heat and Work Reservoirs, The Carnot Heat Engine, The Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump, Effects of Reversible and Irreversible Heat Interactions |
| 8 |
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The Temperature-Entropy Diagram, The Enthalpy-Entropy Diagram, The TdS Equations, Entropy Changes Involving Real Gases and Saturation States, Entropy Changes of Ideal Gases, Entropy Change of an Incompressible Substance |
|
15 |
5 |
Some Second-Law Relationships for a Closed System, Some Second-Law Relationships for a Control Volume, Isentropic Processes, Efficiencies of Some Steady-Flow Devices, Introduction to Transient Flow Analysis |
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General Conservation of Energy Principle for a Control Volume, Charging and Discharging Rigid Vessels, Transient System Analysis With Boundary Work |
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The Carnot Vapor Cycle, The Rankine Cycle, The Ideal Reheat Cycle, The Ideal Regenerative Cycle, Effect of Irreversibilities on Vapor-Power-Cycle Performance |
| Dec. 6 | Review | |
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13 |
Finals Week |
OUTCOMES
1) The student will be able to apply the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics in the analysis of a variety of engineering components and systems such as piston-cylinder devices, mixing tanks, valves, turbines, compressors, pumps, and heat exchangers.
2) The student will be able to determine if the assumption of ideal gas behavior is appropriate, and will be able to determine values of properties for both ideal and non-ideal gases, as well as solids, liquids, and saturated mixtures.
3) The student will be able to differentiate between the respective advantages of open and closed system analysis.
4) The student will understand the consequences of irreversibility and be able to determine maximum possible efficiencies for heat engines and maximum possible coefficients of performance for heat pump and refrigeration cycles.
5) By developing a multi-decision computer algorithm to determine the
work output and thermal efficiency of a heat engine students will demonstrate
their competency in the above outcomes.
EVALUATION
Computer Project.........................5%
Homework Presentations.............25%
Quizzes.......................................35%
Midterm .....................................10%
Final Exam..................................25%
Total..........................................100%
The grades will be assigned based on the absolute grade scale shown below. The grades will not be curved.
A 92%
A- 90%
B+ 88%
B 82%
B- 80%
C+ 78%
C 70%
D 65%
F 0%
ATTENDANCE
In
this course you will be expected to act in a professional manner.
Among other things this includes showing up on time prepared for the task
at hand. It should include not just
being on time for class, but also for the additional outside meetings you will
have with your group. To encourage
you toward this end, students with perfect attendance will have 3 points added
onto their final average. For every
unexcused absence you will have 1 point deducted from your final average.
(Note that if you are more than five minutes late for class you will be
marked absent) On the other hand if
I am more than five minutes late for a class, I will add an additional point to
the average of each student present.
ACADEMIC HONESTY
While it is assumed that no student/group would submit any material,
be it homework, exam, or any other assignment for grading which is not
solely her/his own work, the following policy shall be implemented in cases
of academic dishonesty;
First offense, all persons involved will receive
no credit for the assignment or test.
Second offense, all persons involved will receive
a grade of F for the course.
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS
Week of:
8/30 1.2, 1.6,
1.7E, 1.9, 1.25, 1.33, 1.38, 1.42E
9/6 4.1, 4.4, 4.7E, 1.46, 2.4E, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7E, 2.22, 2.45
9/13 2.46, 2.47,
2.70, 2.49, 2.14, 2.15E, 2.37
9/20 2.62E, 2.63,
2.90, 3.18, 3.27, 3.30, 3.31, 3.51, 3.54
9/27 3.56, 3.59,
3.63, 3.76, 4.28, 4.35E, 4.73, 4.77, 4.41, 4.49, 4.59
10/4 4.80, 4.83E,
4.91, 4.93, 4.100, 4.110, 4.117E
10/11 4.123, 4.128, 4.135E,
5.3, 5.9, 5.13
10/18 5.21, 5.25, 5.36, 5.44,
5.55, 5.56
10/25 5.67, 5.70, 5.80, 5.91,
5.97, 5.99, 6.2, 6.5, 6.8, 6.15
11/1 6.19, 6.31,
6.37, 6.58, 6.76, 6.79, 6.110
11/8 7.1, 7.2,
7.17, 7.20, 7.42, 7.44, 7.60
11/15 7.26E, 7.28E, 7.55,
7.57, 8.3, 8.4, 8.16, 8.20, 8.47
11/22 8.51, 8.66, 8.87, 8.113,
5.139, 5.140, 5.148
11/29 5.151, 5.158, 16.1,
16.7, 16.33, 16.53, 16.70
12/6 Review
12/13
Finals Week